General information only. A lawyer should review the facts, documents and current rules before you rely on this information for an application or deadline.
1. Read the refusal letter and decision note
IRCC now sends officer decision notes with most temporary-resident refusal letters and most permanent-residence refusals. These notes can identify the concerns that drove the decision, although they may not contain every part of the record.
2. Reconstruct what was actually filed
Compare the reasons against the application, forms, evidence and written submissions that were before the officer. A strong new document is not proof that the original decision was unreasonable if the officer never had it.
3. Separate factual weaknesses from reviewable errors
Some refusals are best addressed by a stronger new application. Others may raise fairness, legal or reasonableness concerns. Judicial review is a court process and different deadlines and remedies apply.
4. Get advice early when court review is being considered
Do not let preparation of a new application consume a deadline that may apply to Federal Court review. Preserve the full file and obtain timely advice on options.
IRCC / Canada.ca